Condensation happens when moisture in warm air settles on cold surfaces such as windows or walls. Over time, this can lead to mould growth, which often appears as small black spots and may have an unpleasant, musty smell.
Condensation is more likely when:
- there is too much moisture in the air
- ventilation is poor
- your home is cold
If condensation is causing problems in your home, there are some simple steps you can take to reduce it.
Stop moisture building up
Everyday activities like cooking, bathing and laundry add moisture to the air. Taking a few simple steps can help reduce moisture and lower the risk of condensation.
In the kitchen:
- cover boiling pans and turn down the heat to a simmer
- use an extractor fan or open a window
- keep the kitchen door closed
In the bathroom:
- use an extractor fan or open a window
- keep the bathroom door closed while bathing or showering
- run cold water into the bath before adding hot water to reduce steam
When doing laundry:
- dry clothes outdoors, if possible
- if you need to dry clothes indoors, use the bathroom with the door closed and a window open
- avoid drying laundry on radiators
- if using a vented tumble dryer, vent it through an external wall
In other areas:
- wipe away condensation when it forms on windows and other surfaces
- avoid using portable heaters where possible as some types can increase moisture in the air
Improve ventilation
Condensation is often worse in areas with little air movement, such as behind furniture, inside cupboards and in corners of rooms. Good ventilation helps remove moisture from the air before it settles on cold surfaces.
You should:
- open windows regularly during dry weather (opening several windows slightly is usually more effective than opening one window fully)
- keep background or trickle vents open (i.e. the small slots at the top of windows)
- avoid blocking air vents
- leave a small gap between furniture and walls, especially external walls
- position furniture against internal walls, where possible
- avoid overfilling cupboards and wardrobes so air can circulate
Keep your home warm (if you can)
A cold home is more likely to develop condensation because moisture in the air settles more easily on cold surfaces such as walls, windows and ceilings. Over time, this can lead to damp and mould.
If you can afford to heat your home, the recommended minimum room temperature is:
- 18 degrees for most people
- 21 degrees if you are older, have children under 5 or a health condition that puts you at greater risk
If possible:
- keep your heating on a low, steady setting as this can be more effective than short bursts of high heat
- avoid using portable heaters as they can create high levels of condensation
Your home may also feel cold for other reasons like draughts or poor insulation.
For help with energy costs and other essential expenses, cost of living support pages.
Make home improvements
If you are a homeowner, you can take steps to reduce the risk of condensation by making some home improvements.
These include:
- loft insulation
- draught proofing
- cavity insulation
- double glazing
- windows with trickle ventilators
- thermostatic radiator valves
- boiler repair or replacement
